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Japan reveals new name for 40C-and-hotter days after blistering summer

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Japan reveals new name for 40C-and-hotter days after blistering summer

New Official Term for Extreme Heat

Japan has introduced a new official name for days when temperatures reach 40C or higher. The term kokushobi was chosen following a national survey and has been translated as cruelly hot day, brutally hot day, or severely hot day. The Japan Meteorological Agency officially adopted the description after the country experienced its hottest summer on record in 2025.

The word uses koku which means harsh or cruel combined with elements describing extreme heat. This addition completes a set of official heat categories that already exist for days exceeding 25C, 30C and 35C. The new term reflects growing concern over increasingly intense heatwaves across the country.

Survey That Selected the Name

The Japan Meteorological Agency conducted an online survey between February and March that received roughly 478,000 responses. Participants chose from 13 different options to describe the hottest category of days. Kokushobi emerged as the clear favourite with super extremely hot day finishing in second place.

The agency introduced the new term on Friday as part of efforts to communicate extreme weather risks more effectively to the public. The decision comes after record-breaking temperatures affected many parts of Japan during the previous summer.

Record-Breaking Summer of 2025

Summer 2025 was the hottest since records began in 1898 with nationwide average temperatures 2.36C above the long-term average. Temperatures reached 40C or higher on nine separate days between June and August. The highest temperature recorded was 41.8C in the city of Isesaki.

Major cities experienced unusually high numbers of extremely hot days. Tokyo recorded 25 days above 35C compared with an average of just 4.5 days. Kyoto saw 52 days above 35C against a typical average of 18.5 days.

Context of Increasing Heat

Extreme weather events such as heatwaves have become more common and more intense in many parts of the world. Japan’s new naming system aims to help people better understand and prepare for dangerous heat levels. The introduction of kokushobi highlights the country’s response to changing climate patterns and their impact on daily life.

The Japan Meteorological Agency continues to monitor temperatures closely and provides forecasts that indicate a high probability of above-normal temperatures for the coming summer months.

Categories and Keywords

Categories: Science Climate Weather Japan Environment.

Keywords: Japan kokushobi 40C heat extreme temperatures hottest summer Japan Meteorological Agency heatwave climate record Isesaki Tokyo Kyoto.

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Impact of Extreme Heat on Japan

The introduction of the new term kokushobi follows a summer that shattered previous temperature records across Japan. Average temperatures were significantly higher than normal and the number of extremely hot days increased dramatically in many regions. These conditions highlight the growing frequency of severe heat events in the country.

The Japan Meteorological Agency has expanded its heat category system to better inform the public about dangerous temperature levels. The existing terms for 25C, 30C and 35C days are now joined by this new designation for 40C and above.

Public Engagement Through Naming

The national survey that selected kokushobi received hundreds of thousands of responses showing strong public interest in how extreme heat is described. The chosen name emphasises the harsh and severe nature of such high temperatures. This approach aims to raise awareness and encourage appropriate precautions during future heatwaves.

The agency hopes the clearer terminology will help people recognise the risks associated with 40C-plus days and take necessary protective measures.

Forecasts for the Coming Summer

The Japan Meteorological Agency has already issued forecasts indicating a high probability of above-normal temperatures from June to August this year. This prediction comes after the record-setting conditions experienced in 2025 when multiple locations broke local temperature records.

The cumulative number of extremely hot days last summer exceeded the previous record set in 2024 showing a clear upward trend in intense heat events.

Broader Significance

Japan’s decision to name days reaching 40C or hotter reflects a wider global pattern of increasing extreme weather linked to climate factors. The new term kokushobi provides a specific label that can be used consistently in weather reports and public communications. This helps improve understanding of heat risks across different regions of the country.

The development demonstrates how meteorological agencies are adapting their language and warning systems in response to changing climate conditions and more frequent record-breaking temperatures.

Categories and Keywords

Categories: Science Climate Weather Japan Environment.

Keywords: Japan kokushobi 40C heatwave Japan Meteorological Agency hottest summer record temperatures climate Isesaki Tokyo Kyoto extreme weather.

Japan reveals new name for 40C-and-hotter days after blistering summer

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Slow cooker hacks to save you money and effort

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Slow cooker hacks

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Slow cooker hacks to save you money and effort

Why Slow Cookers Help Save Money on Energy and Ingredients

Slow cookers use far less electricity than a conventional oven or hob. They run efficiently for many hours at low temperatures, making them an economical choice for preparing meals. Using cheaper cuts of meat becomes practical because the long, gentle cooking process breaks down tough fibres and creates tender results without expensive ingredients.

Batch cooking in a slow cooker reduces food waste and allows preparation of multiple meals at once, lowering overall shopping costs.

Batch Cooking and Meal Planning Benefits

Preparing large quantities of stews, soups, curries or chilli in one go saves both time and money. Portions can be frozen for future use, providing ready-made meals on busy days. This approach cuts down on takeaway spending and reduces the need for last-minute shopping trips.

Slow cooker hacks to save you money and effort start with planning ahead and maximising each cooking session.

Using Cheaper Ingredients Effectively

Tougher, less expensive cuts of meat such as beef brisket, pork shoulder or chicken thighs become delicious when slow cooked. Dried beans, lentils and pulses cook perfectly without pre-soaking in many recipes, further reducing preparation costs and time. Root vegetables and seasonal produce also work well, adding flavour and nutrition at low cost.

These ingredients release their flavours gradually during the long cooking process.

Time-Saving Preparation Techniques

Chopping vegetables and measuring ingredients the night before allows the slow cooker to be loaded quickly in the morning. Many recipes require no pre-browning of meat, saving additional effort and washing up. Simply adding all ingredients at once often produces excellent results with minimal hands-on time.

This method is particularly useful for busy households or those with limited kitchen time.

One-Pot Cooking and Reduced Cleaning

Slow cookers function as true one-pot devices. There is usually no need to use multiple pans or the oven, which significantly cuts down on washing up. The removable ceramic pot in most models can go straight into the dishwasher or be cleaned easily by hand.

Foil or baking paper liners can make cleaning even simpler for messy recipes.

Maximising Flavour Without Extra Effort

Slow cookers develop deep, rich flavours through long, low-temperature cooking. Adding herbs, spices, or a splash of stock at the start is often all that is needed. Some recipes benefit from a quick blast under the grill at the end to crisp toppings, but the majority require no finishing steps.

This hands-off approach delivers restaurant-quality taste with very little active cooking time.

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Advanced Slow Cooker Techniques for Maximum Savings

Using the slow cooker to cook rice, porridge or even cakes expands its usefulness beyond savoury meals. Overnight porridge uses minimal energy and provides a healthy breakfast with almost no morning effort. Cooking pulses and grains in bulk creates versatile bases for multiple meals throughout the week.

These techniques stretch ingredients further and reduce daily cooking demands.

Energy Efficiency Compared to Other Methods

A slow cooker typically uses about the same electricity as a light bulb over several hours. This makes it far cheaper to run than an oven for long-cooked dishes. Preparing meals during off-peak electricity times can reduce costs even more for households on variable tariffs.

The consistent low heat also prevents burning and reduces the risk of ruined food.

Creative Uses Beyond Traditional Recipes

Slow cookers can be used to make stocks, bone broths, mulled drinks, or even to sterilise jars for preserving. They work well for keeping food warm at parties or gently reheating dishes without drying them out. These additional functions increase the appliance’s value and reduce the need for other kitchen equipment.

Slow cooker hacks to save you money and effort continue to evolve as people discover new applications.

Common Mistakes to Avoid for Best Results

Overfilling the slow cooker or lifting the lid too often can affect cooking times and temperatures. Adding too much liquid is a frequent error because very little evaporation occurs. Starting with frozen ingredients is possible but may extend cooking time and should be done with care.

Following basic guidelines ensures consistent success and maximum efficiency.

Tips for Even Greater Savings

Buying meat in bulk when on offer and portioning it for the freezer works well with slow cooker recipes. Using up leftover vegetables and pantry staples prevents waste and keeps costs low. Planning weekly menus around slow cooker days creates a reliable system that saves both time and money.

These habits turn the slow cooker into a powerful tool for budget-friendly home cooking.

Final Thoughts on Slow Cooker Benefits

The combination of low energy use, minimal preparation time, and ability to transform cheap ingredients makes the slow cooker an excellent choice for many households. With a few simple hacks, it delivers tasty, nutritious meals while reducing both effort and spending.

Slow cooker hacks to save you money and effort offer practical solutions for busy lives and tight budgets.

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Strikes by workers at Stansted Airport called off

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Strike Action Suspended at London Stansted

Strikes by workers who help disabled passengers at London Stansted Airport have been called off. More than 100 staff from facilities firm ABM were due to walk out from Saturday until Monday in a dispute over pay. The union Unite has suspended the planned industrial action so members can consider a new offer from the company.

The workers provide assistance services for passengers with reduced mobility at the Essex airport. The original strike threat had caused concern about potential disruption to airport operations during a busy travel period.

Details of the Pay Dispute

Unite described the pay rise offered by ABM as extremely low. The union stated that the requested increase would have cost the company the equivalent of just one extra tin of beans per week per worker. The rejected offer was worth an extra 1p per hour in the first year, rising to 2p or 3p in the following 12 months.

Regional officer Steve Edwards confirmed the suspension of strike action to allow members time to review the improved proposal now on the table.

Company Position

ABM previously said it wanted to find a fair resolution to the dispute. The company provides essential passenger assistance services at Stansted Airport. The suspension of strikes means these services will continue without interruption over the planned strike period.

The development brings relief to travellers who rely on assistance at the busy London airport.

Background to the Dispute

The planned strikes were part of ongoing negotiations between Unite and ABM over pay and conditions for the assistance workers. London Stansted Airport handles millions of passengers each year and relies on these specialist staff to support those with additional mobility needs. The suspension of action avoids potential disruption during what is often a peak travel time.

Unite members will now have the opportunity to vote on or discuss the latest offer from their employer.

Categories and Keywords

Categories: Business Transport UK News Airport Operations.

Keywords: Stansted Airport strikes ABM workers Unite union pay dispute passenger assistance called off suspension.

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Impact on Airport Operations

The decision to call off the strikes at London Stansted Airport ensures that passenger assistance services will continue without disruption. More than 100 ABM staff were set to take action over the pay dispute. The suspension allows normal operations to continue while further talks take place between the union and the company.

Stansted is a major hub serving millions of passengers annually. Reliable assistance for disabled travellers and those with reduced mobility is an essential part of airport services.

Union and Company Statements

Unite regional officer Steve Edwards announced that strike action had been suspended so members could consider the new offer. The union had strongly criticised the previous pay proposal as inadequate. ABM has expressed its desire to reach a fair resolution to the long-running dispute.

Both sides will now engage further following the suspension of planned industrial action.

Context of Airport Labour Relations

The dispute at Stansted reflects wider challenges in the aviation sector regarding pay and conditions for support staff. Passenger assistance roles require specialist training and are vital for inclusive airport access. The quick resolution through suspension of strikes helps maintain service reliability at one of the UK’s busiest airports.

Passengers can now travel with confidence that assistance services will be available as normal.

Broader Significance

The calling off of strikes at Stansted Airport demonstrates the effectiveness of continued negotiations between unions and employers. It prevents disruption for travellers and highlights the importance of dialogue in resolving pay disputes. The situation will continue to be monitored as Unite members review the latest offer from ABM.

The outcome provides stability for airport operations during a period when reliable services are particularly important.

Categories and Keywords

Categories: Business Transport UK News Airport Operations.

Keywords: Stansted Airport strikes ABM workers Unite union pay dispute passenger assistance called off suspension Essex.

Strikes by workers at Stansted

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Bulking and cutting Does this fitness trend really work?

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Bulking and cutting: Does this fitness trend really work?

Understanding the Bulking Phase in Fitness Trends

Bulking involves consuming more calories than the body requires to support muscle growth through resistance training. This phase aims to increase overall body mass with a focus on building muscle tissue over a defined period.

Participants typically follow structured workout routines while increasing daily calorie intake. The extra energy is intended to fuel recovery and hypertrophy after training sessions damage muscle fibers.

Calorie Surplus and Protein Role in Muscle Building

A significant portion of additional calories during bulking comes from protein-rich foods. Protein supplies amino acids necessary for repairing and enlarging muscle fibers. Experts note that muscle growth requires this nutritional support alongside consistent training.

However, genetic factors limit the rate and extent of muscle gain regardless of calorie consumption or training intensity.

Potential for Fat Gain During Surplus Periods

Excess calorie intake beyond what supports muscle development often results in fat accumulation. This side effect means bulking phases can lead to noticeable increases in body fat alongside any muscle gains achieved.

The approach was originally developed for competitive bodybuilders preparing for events rather than for general fitness enthusiasts.

Examining the Cutting Phase and Fat Loss

Cutting follows bulking and shifts to a calorie deficit while incorporating more cardiovascular exercise. The goal is to reduce body fat while attempting to preserve the muscle built during the surplus period.

Rapid calorie reduction can cause the body to break down muscle tissue in addition to fat stores, potentially diminishing strength and performance gains.

Risks Associated with Rapid Weight Changes

Quick shifts between surplus and deficit phases may negatively affect athletic output. Both endurance and strength levels can decline following abrupt body weight reduction, though gradual changes tend to preserve performance better.

Miscalculating maintenance calorie levels is common and can lead to ineffective or counterproductive results in the cycle.

Dietary Concerns in High-Protein Approaches

Many bulking and cutting plans emphasise very high protein intake combined with lower fibre consumption. Such dietary patterns have been associated with health issues including recurring kidney stones according to health authorities.

Average protein consumption in many populations already exceeds basic recommendations, raising questions about the necessity of extreme increases for most people.

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Alternatives Like Body Recomposition for Everyday Gym-Goers

Body recomposition offers a different strategy focused on gradually improving body composition without extreme bulking or cutting cycles. This method involves modest calorie adjustments combined with resistance training to build muscle while reducing fat over time.

Many fitness professionals recommend this approach for non-competitive individuals seeking sustainable progress and year-round conditioning.

Training Recommendations for Sustainable Muscle Growth

Suggestions often include three full-body resistance workouts per week. Calorie intake can feature a small surplus on training days and maintenance or slight deficit on rest days to support gradual improvements without excessive fat gain.

Tracking food consumption through diaries or apps helps determine accurate maintenance levels before making controlled adjustments.

Expert Views on Long-Term Effectiveness

Personal trainers highlight that bulking and cutting cycles are not optimised for long-term health or average gym participants. A consistent strength training routine paired with balanced nutrition tends to deliver better ongoing results for most people.

The trend promoted heavily on social media may create unrealistic expectations compared to more moderate, maintainable methods.

Overall Assessment of the Bulking and Cutting Trend

While bulking and cutting can produce significant muscle gains for dedicated bodybuilders, it carries drawbacks for general fitness goals. The cycle risks unnecessary fat accumulation followed by potential muscle loss during cutting phases.

Health considerations around extreme dietary shifts further question its suitability as a universal approach.

Balanced Nutrition and Training for Optimal Results

Including healthy fats and carbohydrates supports energy needs and recovery during training. Quality food choices matter more than simply hitting high protein targets for sustainable progress.

Gradual methods allow individuals to achieve improved physique without the yo-yo effects associated with aggressive bulking and cutting.

Conclusion on Fitness Trend Viability

Bulking and cutting does work for specific competitive contexts but is often unnecessary and potentially counterproductive for everyday fitness enthusiasts. Slower, more consistent strategies like lean bulking or recomposition provide a practical alternative for building muscle and managing body composition effectively over time.

Bulking and cutting: Does this fitness trend really work? The evidence suggests it depends heavily on individual goals, experience level, and commitment to long-term health.

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